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The Herpes Virus Family
Over 80 known viruses exist within the Herpes family. Of these, 8 are known to cause disease in humans, the most common being Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 and HSV-2 look identical under the microscope, and either type can infect the mouth or genitals. Usually, however, HSV-1 occurs above the waist, and HSV-2 below the waist:
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) - commonly causes herpes labialis (also called oral herpes, cold sores or fever blisters), which is a highly infectious open sore that crust over before healing. Although less probable, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) - a contagious viral infection primarily causing genital herpes in men and women. The telltale signs and symptoms of genital herpes include recurrent clusters of blisters, bumps and rashes in the genital areas. HSV-2 can also be responsible for herpes labialis (cold sores), although less often than HSV-1.
Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus:
Unlike viruses such as influenza, which can be transmitted through the air, Herpes Simplex Viruses require physical contact. They are frequently transmitted through mouth-to-mouth contact (in the case of HSV-1) or genital-to-genital contact (in the case of HSV-2), although other means of transmission, including hand-to-genital and mouth-to-genital contact, are possible.
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